… which acted as a stiff but ventrally flexible feeding tube, … The plesiosaur long neck, given
its cost and significance to the … Elasmosaurus platyurus uses its neck to hunt fish close to the …

… intervertebral neck flexion reflects specific feeding strategies … further implications for the
evolution of feeding strategies and … Sprawling reptiles possess the plesiomorphic trapezius and …

… /s, hydrodynamic implications were not a limiting selective pressure on the evolution of long
… flippers and neck flexibility will allow us to understand the possible feeding strategies of long-…

… necks was that these reptiles could weave their jaws in and out of large groups of fish, allowing
the plesiosaurs ample opportunity to feed … smaller limbs; flexible bodies and little to no …

… [18] suggested that greater range of neck flexibility in the ventral and lateral directions …
a horizontal feeding pattern. Zammit et al. [18] found in elasmosaurs that the neck was more …

… short cervical vertebrae and elongate appendicular elements. The ‘Holyrood elasmosaur’ …
gastroliths are evidence of use in processing food: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24, p. …

… feeding strategies as … , flexible neck with many cervical vertebrae, would enable the hunter
to flip its head faster in pursuit of fishes than by moving the whole body, or to search for food …

… , neck function is closely linked to the mode of feeding in the … The fourth type is seen in
aristonectine elasmosaurs of the … cervical vertebrae, reaching the conclusion that the flexibility …

… of neck proportions in the long-necked elasmosaurs suggest … how these were influenced
by shape and flexibility. The well-… be favoured if for example food resources were limited. This …

… long neck and small skull equipped with prominent intermeshing ‘fangs’. How this bizarre
dental apparatus was employed in feeding is … However, the archetypal sauropterygian dental …